{"id":4606,"date":"2020-06-04T06:21:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T21:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/?page_id=4606"},"modified":"2020-06-04T08:18:56","modified_gmt":"2020-06-03T23:18:56","slug":"%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%9b%9b%e7%af%80%e6%b0%97","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/?page_id=4606","title":{"rendered":"\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7bc0\u6c17"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nijushi-sekki;<\/span>
\nThe Solar Term<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25cf\u66a6 calendar; almanac
\n\u25cf\u66a6\u5b66 study of the calendar
\n\u25cf\u592a\u967d\u66a6 the solar calendar
\n\u25cf\u592a\u9670\u66a6 the lunar calendar
\n\u25cf\u592a\u9670\u592a\u967d\u66a6 a luni-solar calendar; a lunisolar calendar
\n\u25cf\u8ecc\u9053 orbit
\n\u25cf\u592a\u967d\u9ec4\u7d4c solar longitude
\n\u25cf\u6708\u76f8 lunar phase; phase of the moon
\n\u25cf\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7bc0\u6c17 the Niju-shi-sekki; the 24 equal divisions of the solar year
\n\u25cf\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u5019 the Shichiju-ni-ko; the 72 equal pentads of the solar year
\n\u25cf\u5b63\u7bc0 season
\n\u25cf\u5929\u5019 climate; weather<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u81ea\u7136\u3068\u5171\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u95d8\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u751f\u304d\u629c\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u3088\u308a\u66a6\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8fb2\u8015\u3084\u72e9\u308a\u306a\u3069\u306b\u751f\u304b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nHuman beings have coexisted with nature and sometimes fought against it; therefore, they have studied calendars since ancient times and made use of calendars for daily activities such as farming and hunting.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u66a6\u306b\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u592a\u967d\u306e\u904b\u884c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u3068\u3001\u6708\u306e\u904b\u884c\u3084\u6e80\u3061\u6b20\u3051\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u300c\u592a\u9670\u66a6\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nThere were two basic calendars, \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d based on the movement of the sun and \u201cthe lunar calendar\u201d based on the movement and phases of the moon.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u306f\u592a\u967d\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u592a\u967d\u306e\u5468\u308a\u3092\u5730\u7403\u304c1\u5468\u3059\u308b\u9593\u3092\u300c1\u5e74\u300d\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u201cThe solar calendar\u201d was created considering only the movement of the sun: the period which the earth goes around the sun is defined as \u201cone year\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u300c\u592a\u9670\u66a6\u300d\u3067\u306f\u65b0\u6708\u306e\u65e5\u3092\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u306e\u65e5\u30011\u65e5\uff08\u3064\u3044\u305f\u3061\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u65b0\u6708\u307e\u3067\u30921\u30f6\u6708\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nThe first day of the month in \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d is set on the day of a new moon, and one month is until the day before the next new moon.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7d00\u5143\u524d4000\u5e74\u9803\u306b\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u30ca\u30a4\u30eb\u5ddd\u306e\u5468\u671f\u6c3e\u6feb\u304b\u3089\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u3092\u8003\u3048\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u8fb2\u8015\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nAround 4000 B.C., people in ancient Egypt invented \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d influenced by the periodical flooding of the Nile and became proficient using it for farming.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7d00\u5143\u524d700\u5e74\u306e\u4e2d\u9803\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3082\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u66a6\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f1\u5e74\u309210\u30f6\u6708\u3001304\u65e5\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nAround the middle of the 700s B.C., people in Rome adapted \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d generally called \u201cthe Roman Calendar\u201d which was incomplete because 1 year has only 10 months, 304 days.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7d00\u5143\u524d45\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30ac\u30a4\u30a6\u30b9\u30fb\u30e6\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9\u30fb\u30ab\u30a8\u30b5\u30eb\uff08\u30b7\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\uff09\u304c\u300c\u30e6\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9\u66a6\u300d\u3092\u5236\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30011582\u5e74\u306b\u300c\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30aa\u66a6\u300d\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5e83\u304f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nOn January 1st, 45 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar established a law to use \u201cthe Julian Calendar\u201d and later the Christian churches started to use it; therefore, this calendar was widely used in Europe until \u201cthe Gregorian Calendar\u201d appeared in 1582.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u300c\u30e6\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9\u66a6\u300d\u306f\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u3092\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30011\u5e74\u3092365.25\u65e5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30014\u5e74\u306b1\u5ea6\u958f\u5e74\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\n\u201cThe Julian Calendar\u201d was invented on the basis of \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d which had 365.25 days in a year and a leap year was set once every 4 years.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u66a6\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u6559\u7687\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30a6\u30b913\u4e16\u306e\u547d\u3067\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30aa\u66a6\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nThe current calendars have followed a new solar calendar, \u201cthe Gregorian Calendar\u201d which was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u300c\u592a\u9670\u66a6\u300d\u3068\u300c\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u300c\u592a\u9670\u592a\u967d\u66a6\u300d\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nPeople in ancient China used \u201cthe luni-soar calendar\u201d (the combination of \u201cthe solar calendar\u201d and \u201cthe lunar calendar\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3053\u306e\u66a6\u3067\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u306f1\u5e74\u3092354\u65e5\u307e\u305f\u306f355\u65e5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7d043\u5e74\u306b\uff11\u56de\u306e\u958f\u5e74\u306f13\u30f6\u6708\u3067\u3001383\u65e5\u307e\u305f\u306f384\u65e5\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nThis calendar had 354 or 355 days a year, and in a leap year, which came once every three years, it had 13 months, 384 or 355 days.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u300c\u592a\u967d\u592a\u9670\u66a6\u300d\u304c\u98db\u9ce5\u6642\u4ee3\uff08592-710\uff09\u306b\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u6539\u826f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u30011873\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb6\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30aa\u66a6\u5c0e\u5165\u307e\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nThis Chinese luni-solar calendar was introduced into Japan in the Asuka period (592-710) and continued to be used after some reforms until \u201cthe Gregorian Calendar\u201d was introduced in 1873 (Meiji 6th yr).<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u6226\u56fd\u6642\u4ee3\uff08\u7d00\u5143\u524d5\u4e16\u7d00\u9803-\u7d00\u5143\u524d221\u5e74\u9803\uff09\u3001\u66a6\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5b63\u7bc0\u306e\u305a\u308c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b63\u7bc0\u306e\u3046\u3064\u308d\u3044\u3092\u544a\u3052\u308b\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7bc0\u6c17\u300d\u304c\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nIn the Warring States period of China (around the 5th century B.C.-221 B.C.), \u201cNijushi-sekki\u201d was invented to denote the changing of each season because its calendar was diffrent from the real seasons.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7bc0\u6c17\u300d\u3068\u306f\u592a\u967d\u9ec4\u7d4c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u30661\u5e74\u309224\u306b\u5206\u3051\u305f\u5206\u985e\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u201cNijushi-sekki\u201d is the 24 seasonal points of a year which are equally divided by solar longitude.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6625\u590f\u79cb\u51ac\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u30926\u3064\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3001\u5b63\u7bc0\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8868\u3059\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nTo put it simply, each season (spring, summer, autumn and winter) is divided into 6 parts, and they are given seasonal names.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7bc0\u6c17\u300d\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b3\u5206\u5272\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u300c\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u5019\u300d\u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u4f1d\u308f\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u98a8\u571f\u306b\u5408\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f55\u5ea6\u304b\u6539\u8a02\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nEach part of \u201cNijushi-sekki\u201d is divided into 3 parts called \u201cShichiju-ni-ko\u201d (the 72 seasonal division) and after it was introduced into Japan, it was revised many times to match the natural features and climate of Japan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

(\u3088\u308a\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u300c\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u5019<\/a>\u300d\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002)<\/p>\n

(Please see \u201cThe 72 Divisions of a Solar Year<\/a>\u201d for further information.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Copyright (C) Azure Global Network Services. All Rights Reserved.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nijushi-sekki; The Solar Term \u25cf\u66a6 calendar; almanac \u25cf\u66a6\u5b66 study of the calendar \u25cf\u592a\u967d\u66a6 the solar calendar \u25cf\u592a\u9670\u66a6 the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4606"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4753,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4606\/revisions\/4753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}