{"id":433,"date":"2014-11-21T03:09:51","date_gmt":"2014-11-20T18:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/?page_id=433"},"modified":"2019-08-08T23:09:42","modified_gmt":"2019-08-08T14:09:42","slug":"%e5%8f%97%e9%a8%93%e3%82%b7%e3%83%bc%e3%82%ba%e3%83%b3%e3%80%80an-examination-season","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/?page_id=433","title":{"rendered":"\u53d7\u9a13\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba\u30f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

(1\u6708\u304b\u30893\u6708)<\/span>
\nJuken-shizun;<\/span>
\nAn Examination Season<\/span>
\n(from January to March)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25cf\u8a66\u9a13 examination
\n\u25cf\u5165\u5b66\u8a66\u9a13 entrance examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u3059\u308b (to) take an examination; (to) sit for an examination;
\n(to) undergo an examination; (to) go through an examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u306b\u5408\u683c\u3059\u308b (to) pass an entrance examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3059\u308b (to) fail an entrance examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u751f student preparing for an entrance examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u8005 candidate for an examination; examinee
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u79d1\u76ee examination subject; subject of an examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u6599 examination fee
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u7968 applicant\u2019s identification card
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u756a\u53f7 examinee\u2019s (seat) number
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u8cc7\u683c qualification to take an examination
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u6226\u4e89 examination war
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u5730\u7344 (the) examination hell
\n\u25cf\u53d7\u9a13\u7523\u696d entrance examination industry
\n\u25cf\u587e juku; cram school; private tutoring school; preparatory school
\n\u25cf\u4e88\u5099\u6821\u751f yobiko; college preparatory school; college preparation school
\n\u25cf\u6d6a\u4eba\u751f ronin-sei; high school graduate who failed an entrance examination and is preparing for the next year\u2019s opportunity.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u6e96\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u8b58\u5b57\u7387\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306799.8%\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nEducational standards in Japan are very high, and the literacy rate is said to be 99.8% which ranks as the best in the world.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u5c0f\u5b66\u68216\u5e74\u9593\u3068\u4e2d\u5b66\u68213\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u5408\u8a089\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nCompulsory education in Japan is 9 years in all: 6 years in elementary school and 3 years in junior high school.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5b66\u7387\u306f100%\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nIn recent years, the ratio of students who went to senior high school has reached almost 100%.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u5927\u5b66\u30fb\u77ed\u671f\u5927\u5b66\u30fb\u5c02\u9580\u5b66\u6821\u3078\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u9032\u5b66\u7387\u306f50%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nMore than 50% of high school students go on to universities, colleges, junior colleges, or technical colleges.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u53d7\u9a13\u6226\u4e89\u304c\u904e\u71b1\u3057\u305f\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u6b74\u3092\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3078\u306e\u9375\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nOne of the reasons why the examination war intensified was the belief that an educational background was the key to success in the future.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u4f55\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u304b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3069\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u51fa\u305f\u306e\u304b\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u8996\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nIn Japan, people sometimes make more of which university one graduated from rather than what one actually studied.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u30d9\u30d3\u30fc\u30d6\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5b50\u4f9b\u9054\u304c\u53d7\u9a13\u671f\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u9803\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u5730\u7344\u306f\u4e00\u5c64\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nWhen baby boomers after World War ll took entrance examinations, the examination hell became more intense.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u53d7\u9a13\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u4f4e\u5e74\u9f62\u5316\u304c\u9032\u307f\u3001\u5e7c\u5150\u306b\u71b1\u5fc3\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u3055\u305b\u308b\u89aa\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nVery young children are sometimes involved in the entrance examination war, and some parents force their small children to study very hard.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u6709\u540d\u79c1\u7acb\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u3084\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u306f\u300c\u304a\u53d7\u9a13\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nTaking entrance examinations of famous kindergartens or elementary schools is called \u201cO-juken\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7279\u306b\u3001\u6709\u540d\u79c1\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3078\u30a8\u30b9\u30ab\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u5f0f\u306b\u9032\u5b66\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u3084\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u306f\u53d7\u9a13\u500d\u7387\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nThey must survive fierce competition to pass the entrance examinations especially for kindergartens and elementary schools attached to prestigious junior high schools, senior high schools, and colleges.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u305d\u306e\u69d8\u306a\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u3084\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u5165\u5b66\u3059\u308b\u70ba\u306e\u587e\u307e\u3067\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nThere are even preparatory schools to teach how to pass entrance examinations for such kindergartens and elementary schools.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u504f\u5dee\u5024\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5927\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5b66\u5b9f\u7e3e\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e2d\u9ad8\u4e00\u8cab\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u79c1\u5b66\u306e\u751f\u5f92\u304c\u6709\u5229\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nSeeing the results, we find that more students from combined private junior high and senior high schools pass college and university exams with highly competitive admissions.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u79c1\u7acb\u6821\u306f\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u540c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5b66\u529b\u306e\u5b50\u4f9b\u9054\u3092\u9078\u629c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u9054\u306f\u6388\u696d\u3067\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nAt first, private high schools select children with almost the same academic level, so teachers can achieve better results in class.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u516c\u7acb\u6821\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30ab\u30ea\u30ad\u30e5\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u6388\u696d\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nThey can also give lessons in a more flexible curriculum in comparison to public schools.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9ad8\u68212\u5e74\u751f\u30843\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u53d7\u9a13\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6f14\u7fd2\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nTherefore, they can spend a lot of time to have students in the 11th and 12th grades solve practical questions for entrance examinations.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u826f\u3044\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u884c\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e2d\u9ad8\u4e00\u74b0\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6709\u540d\u79c1\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u71be\u70c8\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nThere is an intense competition between elementary pupils who want to go to famous combined private junior high and senior high schools in order to enter good universities.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u5927\u534a\u304c\u587e\u3084\u4e88\u5099\u6821\u306b\u901a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e2b\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nMost of the students preparing for entrance examinations go to preparatory schools, or they are taught by private tutors.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u5165\u5b66\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u5099\u3048\u3066\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3092\u300c\u6d6a\u4eba\u751f\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nA high school graduate who failed an entrance examination and is preparing for the next year\u2019s opportunity is called \u201cronin-sei\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u6d6a\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u4e88\u5099\u6821\u306b\u901a\u3044\u3001\u518d\u5ea6\u5927\u5b66\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nMost ronin-seis go to college preparatory schools, and study for the next entrance examination.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u79c1\u7acb\u6821\u3084\u587e\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5730\u65b9\u3067\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u306f\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u6821\u306e\u6559\u5e2b\u306e\u8155\u306b\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\nOn the other hand, success of the entrance examinations depends on teachers\u2019 skill at public high schools in the countryside where there are few such private high schools or preparatory schools.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u90315\u65e5\u5236\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6765\u4f11\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u306b\u7121\u7d66\u3067\u81ea\u4f5c\u306e\u6559\u6750\u306a\u3069\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u306b\u88dc\u7fd2\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5148\u751f\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nSince the time the five-day school week system started, many teachers make original teaching materials, and give supplementary lessons without pay on Saturdays which, by law, are their days off.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u71b1\u5fc3\u306a\u5148\u751f\u306e\u4ed6\u306b\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u672c\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u6559\u80b2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3001\u587e\u306b\u901a\u3048\u306a\u3044\u751f\u5f92\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nBesides these eager teachers, study aids and manuals for entrance examinations and correspondence education are very helpful to the students who cannot go to preparatory schools.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u8a70\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3084\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u70b9\u6570\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9078\u5225\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u7591\u554f\u8996\u3059\u308b\u58f0\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nMany people are doubtful about entrance examinations which make the cramming system of education intense, and that it sorts people by scores.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u71b1\u5fc3\u306b\u53d7\u9a13\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u3057\u3059\u304e\u3066\u71c3\u3048\u5c3d\u304d\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5165\u5b66\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u751f\u5f92\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nSome students study so hard that they suffer from burnout and don\u2019t study after they enter schools or colleges.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u53d7\u9a13\u6226\u4e89\u304c\u904e\u71b1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u9593\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u717d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u98a8\u6f6e\u304c\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nWhen the examination war became too intense, people started to criticize the climate where competition between students was stirred.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u306a\u304f\u3057\u751f\u5f92\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u52c9\u5f37\u610f\u6b32\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u300c\u3086\u3068\u308a\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u304c\u59cb\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nAnd then, \u201cYutori-kyoiku\u201d started to motivate students to study voluntarily without excessive competitions at school.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3086\u3068\u308a\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b66\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4eca\u6539\u3081\u3066\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u5927\u5207\u3055\u304c\u898b\u76f4\u3055\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nHowever, it is pointed out that Yutori-kyoiku has caused a decline in academic standards, so now people are re-evaluating the importance of competition.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u826f\u3044\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u304c\u751f\u5f92\u306e\u52c9\u5f37\u3078\u306e\u826f\u3044\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ed8\u3051\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5408\u683c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u300c\u52aa\u529b\u306f\u5831\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u611f\u3092\u6301\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nTangible advantages of entrance examinations are these: students are motivated to study for entrance examinations, and they realize \u201ctheir efforts are rewarded\u201d if they pass them.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u587e\u3084\u4e88\u5099\u6821\u306a\u3069\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u7523\u696d\u306f\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u307e\u3067\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6279\u5224\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nUntil some decades ago, the entrance examination industry, like cram schools and college preparatory schools, was often criticized.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c\u5b66\u529b\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d1b\u308c\u3082\u7121\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nNowadays, it is an obvious fact that they play an important role in increasing academic competence.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u6700\u8fd1\u3067\u306f\u5c11\u5b50\u5316\u3068\u5b66\u6821\u6570\u30fb\u52df\u96c6\u4eba\u6570\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7af6\u4e89\u306f\u7de9\u548c\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nRecently, competition has tended to ease because of the fewer number of children and the increase in the number of schools and the number to be admitted.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u307e\u305f\u5165\u5b66\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u5e74\u3005\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5165\u8a66\u3001\u63a8\u85a6\u5165\u8a66\u3001AO\u5165\u8a66\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nAnd entrance examinations have become more diversified year after year, such as general entrance examinations, recommendation entrance examinations, and AO entrance examinations.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u5909\u308f\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u672a\u3060\u306b\u5b66\u6b74\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306f\u9855\u8457\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nIn this way, the system of entrance examinations has been changing, but educational background still counts for a lot in Japan.<\/p>\n

\u25c6\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3082\u53d7\u9a13\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u5927\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nEntrance examinations will continue to be a big event for students in the future.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

(\u3088\u308a\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u300c\u6211\u304c\u5bb6\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba\u30f3<\/a>\u300d\u3068\u300c\u53d7\u9a13\u306b\u7e01\u8d77\u306e\u826f\u3044\u98df\u54c1\u300d\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002)
\n(Please see “My Entrance Examination Season Experience<\/a>” and “Lucky Food for Entrance Examinations” for further information.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Copyright (C) Azure Global Network Services. All Rights Reserved.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(1\u6708\u304b\u30893\u6708) Juken-shizun; An Examination Season (from January to March) \u25cf\u8a66\u9a13 examination \u25cf\u5165\u5b66\u8a66\u9a13 entrance examinatio […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":387,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-433","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=433"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3969,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/433\/revisions\/3969"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azuregns.com\/year\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}